![]() It also gave the first documented use of the term "Metropolitan" in reference to such bishops as had the presidency over a province. The Council of Nicea codified this arrangement into canon law in accordance with the growing standardization of ecclesiastical diocesan structure along the lines of secular Roman blueprints. ![]() The Bishop of such cities came to hold a pre-eminence of honour in the province of which his diocese was the capital, with some eventually gaining a primacy even over other provinces with their own primus inter pares. Main articles: Apostolic see and PentarchyĪs Christianity expanded in the Roman Empire, larger concentrations of believers were to be found in urban environments. With time, eventually some of them fell due to military occupations following the Islamic conquests of the Middle East and North Africa, and became titular or honorary patriarchates with no actual institutional jurisdiction on the original site. In the rest of the history of Christianity, a few other patriarchates were gradually recognised by any of these above ancient episcopal sees. Eventually, together, these five were recognised as the pentarchy by the Council of Chalcedon in 451. Constantinople was added in the 4th century and Jerusalem in the 5th century. Patriarchate ( Ancient Greek: πατριαρχεῖον, patriarcheîon) is an ecclesiological term in Christianity, designating the office and jurisdiction of an ecclesiastical patriarch.Īccording to Christian tradition three patriarchates were established by the apostles as apostolic sees in the 1st century: Rome, Antioch, and Alexandria (recognized by the Council of Nicaea). Eastern patriarchates of the Pentarchy, after the Council of Chalcedon (451) Not to be confused with Patriarchy or Patriate.
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